• Total PSA (tPSA):
o Measures overall PSA levels in the blood.
o Used as the primary screening test.
• Free PSA (fPSA):
o Measures unbound PSA.
o Lower free PSA percentage suggests a higher cancer risk.
• PSA Density (PSAD):
o Adjusts PSA levels based on prostate volume
o Helps differentiate BPH from cancer.
• PSA Velocity (PSAV):
o Tracks PSA level changes over time.
o Rapid increase may indicate aggressive cancer.
• PSA Doubling Time (PSADT):
o Measures how quickly PSA levels double.
o Faster doubling suggests more aggressive cancer.
• Pro-PSA & Prostate Health Index (PHI):
o Includes p2PSA, total PSA, & free PSA
o To improve cancer detection & reduce unnecessary biopsies.
• 4Kscore Test:
o Evaluates four PSA-related proteins along with clinical factors.
o To estimate the risk of high-grade cancer.
• PCA3 Test:
o Urine-based genetic test detecting PCA3 mRNA.
o Highly specific to prostate cancer.
• IsoPSA Test:
o Analyzes PSA structural changes to distinguish benign conditions from cancer.
