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Lactate Dehydrogenase.


  • Cytoplasmic enzymes present in tissues throughout the body.
  • Oxidoreductase, enzyme of the anaerobic metabolic pathway.
  • Heart, muscle, kidney, lung, and RBC’s have the highest concentration.
  • Upon tissue damage, the cells release LDH in the bloodstream.
  • Drugs that can increase LDH include alcohol, aspirin, fluorides, narcotics, anesthetics, clofibrate, mithramycin, and procainamide.
  • Cancer cells employ LDH to increase their aerobic metabolism (glycolysis, ATP production, & lactate production): Warburg effect.
  • CSF LDH increases in bacterial meningitis (normal in viral meningitis).
  • Cancer cells undergo LDH mediated energy production to fulfill the demand for fast cellular growth (marker of metastases, prognosis, survival rates., and radiosensitivity).
  • LDH serves as a general indicator of acute and chronic diseases.
  • LDH helps in distinguishing exudate from transudate effusions.
  • Isozymes, named LDH-1 through LDH-5, have differential expression in different tissues.

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