Menu

Tongue Pathologies (Differential Diagnosis)


 Tongue Pathology

Geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and hairy tongue are the most common tongue problems and do not require treatment. Median rhomboid glossitis is usually associated with a candidal infection and responds to topical antifungals. Atrophic glossitis is often linked to an underlying nutritional deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, riboflavin, or niacin and resolves with correction of the underlying condition. Oral hairy leukoplakia, which can be a marker for underlying immunodeficiency, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is treated with oral antivirals. Tongue growths usually require a biopsy to differentiate benign lesions (e.g., granular cell tumors, fibromas, lymphoepithelial cysts) from premalignant leukoplakia or squamous cell carcinoma. Burning mouth syndrome often involves the tongue and has responded to treatment with alpha-lipoic acid, clonazepam, and cognitive behavior therapy in controlled trials. Tongue lesions of unclear etiology may require biopsy or referral to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, head and neck surgeon, or a dentist experienced in oral pathology.

Recognition and diagnosis of tongue abnormalities require examination of tongue morphology and a thorough history, including onset and duration, antecedent symptoms, and tobacco and alcohol use. A complete head and neck examination, with careful assessment for lymphadenopathy, is essential.

Satyendra Dhar MD, 

Disclaimer

The contents of this website, including text, images, and other information, are not a substitute for medical decisions or professional medical advice. This website is intended for informational and educational purposes only and should not be used for rendering medical guidance. The opinions expressed on this site are solely our own and do not represent the views of any affiliated organization. Images, text, and graphics are sourced from research articles published online and from Google Images/Academic. While we strive to keep the medical information on this website up to date, we cannot guarantee that it reflects the latest research. In case of an emergency, call 911 immediately. For personalized treatment, please consult your doctor. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare professional regarding any questions about a medical condition or treatment. Never disregard or delay seeking professional medical advice because of something you have read on this website. This website does not endorse or recommend any specific tests, doctors, products, procedures, opinions, or other information mentioned herein. By using this website, you acknowledge and agree that it is your responsibility to seek appropriate professional guidance when making medical or health-related decisions. This website and its contributors disclaim any liability arising from the use of the content or images provided herein.

Search This Site

Copy Right @DharSaty

'O' My Dear LORD! Lead us, guide us, inspire us, and remind us to believe in possibilities.