Diuretics - Pharmacology
Thiazides diuretics:
• Inhibit Na+ Cl-
cotransporter in distal tubule
• Chlorothiazide,
Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Metolazone
Loop diuretics:
• Inhibit Na+K+Cl2-
cotransporter in thick ascending limb
• Bumetanide,
Furosemide, Ethacrynate, Torsemide, Piretanide
Potassium sparing diuretics:
• Inhibit Na+
reabsorption in the collecting duct
• Amiloride,
Spironolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:
• Inhibit Na+ and
HC03- in the proximal tubule
• Acetazolamide,
Methazolamide
Osmotic diuretics:
• Promote Na+ and
water loss through the nephron by excretion of non-reabsorbable filtrate
• Glycerin (Glycerol), Isosorbide, Mannitol, Urea
Vasopressin receptor antagonists (also called Vaptans):
• Aquaretics (not a
diuretic as no effect on sodium reabsorption)-promote water excretion by
inhibiting antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-mediated water reabsorption in the
collecting duct
Satyendra Dhar, MD
